Geography Guide - Grade 9 Canada

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Grade 9 Geography (CGC1W) 🌍

Ontario Curriculum · TDSB · Curated Video Lessons

Grade 9 Geography (CGC1W) is Ontario's destreamed geography course exploring interactions between people and their physical environments. Topics include landforms and physical processes, human migration and settlement patterns, environmental sustainability, and geographic inquiry. This guide provides a focused video lesson for each core strand of CGC1W.

Physical Geography – Landforms

🏔️ Landforms & Physical Processes

CGC1W's physical geography strand explores the processes that shape Earth's surface — plate tectonics, erosion, weathering, glaciation, and the landform regions of Canada and the world. Understanding how physical processes create and transform landforms (mountains, plains, valleys, deltas) is foundational for CGC1W geographic inquiry and connects to climate, settlement patterns, and resource availability.

  • Plate Tectonics
  • Erosion & Weathering
  • Glaciation
  • Canada's Landform Regions

Source: CGC1W Geography

Human Geography – Migration

👥 Push & Pull Factors of Migration

One of CGC1W's key human geography units examines why people move — from rural to urban areas, between countries, and across continents. Push factors (poverty, conflict, environmental disaster) and pull factors (economic opportunity, political freedom, family reunification) drive global migration patterns. This lesson explores push/pull factors using contemporary examples including Syrian refugees, economic migrants, and climate-displaced populations.

  • Push Factors
  • Pull Factors
  • Global Migration
  • Refugee Movements

Source: Grade 9 Geography

Sustainability – Environmental Issues

🌱 Environmental Issues & Sustainability

CGC1W's sustainability strand examines human impacts on natural environments — deforestation, climate change, water security, biodiversity loss, and pollution — and asks students to evaluate solutions using geographic thinking. This lesson explores key environmental challenges and the geographic factors that make some regions more vulnerable than others, connecting to CGC1W's emphasis on geographic inquiry and responsible citizenship.

  • Climate Change
  • Deforestation
  • Water Security
  • Sustainable Development

Source: CGC1W Sustainability

Course Overview

🗺️ CGC1W: Canadian Geography Full Course Overview

This full course overview for CGC1W (Canadian Geography: Issues in a Changing World) walks through all major units: physical geography, human settlement, migration, resource management, environmental sustainability, and geographic skills. An excellent orientation for students starting CGC1W, providing a road map of the full course and how the geographic inquiry process connects all strands.

  • Geographic Inquiry
  • Human Settlement
  • Resource Management
  • Canadian Geography

Source: CGC1W Course Overview

Built for TDSB students · Ontario Curriculum (CGC1W) · Grade 9 Geography

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