Grade 12 Science (SBI4U / SCH4U / SPH4U) 🔬
Ontario Curriculum · TDSB · Curated Video Lessons
Grade 12 Science branches into three university-preparation courses: Biology (SBI4U), Chemistry (SCH4U), and Physics (SPH4U). These courses provide the in-depth scientific knowledge required for university programs in life sciences, chemistry, engineering, and physics. This guide covers essential topics from all three disciplines.
🧬 Biomolecules: The Chemistry of Life
SBI4U begins with the biochemistry of living systems — the four classes of biomolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins (including enzyme structure and function), and nucleic acids. Understanding these macromolecules is essential for everything that follows in Grade 12 Biology: genetic processes, metabolism, cell biology, and physiology at the molecular level.
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins & Enzymes
- Nucleic Acids
Source: SBI4U Biology
🔬 DNA Replication & Molecular Genetics
DNA replication is the cornerstone of molecular genetics in SBI4U. This lesson explains the semi-conservative replication model, the roles of helicase, primase, DNA polymerase III, and DNA ligase, and how errors in replication can produce mutations. These concepts connect directly to the genetics unit (protein synthesis, transcription, translation) and to cancer biology later in the course.
- DNA Replication
- Molecular Genetics
- Replication Enzymes
- Mutations
Source: SBI4U Grade 12 Biology
⚗️ Electrochemistry (SCH4U)
Electrochemistry is one of the most applied units in SCH4U — covering galvanic (voltaic) cells, electrolytic cells, standard cell potentials, reduction-oxidation reactions, and real-world applications including batteries, fuel cells, and metal electroplating. This hands-on Grade 12 Chemistry lesson demonstrates electrochemical principles using accessible materials to show how chemistry powers the modern world.
- Galvanic Cells
- Electrolytic Cells
- Redox Reactions
- Standard Cell Potentials
Source: SCH4U Chemistry
💥 Reaction Rates & Chemical Equilibrium
Understanding how fast reactions occur and what controls reaction rates is central to SCH4U Chemistry. This lesson covers collision theory, activation energy, the Arrhenius equation, rate laws, and the factors — temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts — that affect the speed of chemical reactions. Rate concepts connect directly to equilibrium, Le Chatelier's Principle, and industrial chemistry processes.
- Reaction Rates
- Collision Theory
- Activation Energy
- Rate Laws
Source: SCH4U Chemistry 12
⚡ Electric Fields (SPH4U)
SPH4U explores the fundamental forces of nature — gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields — at a sophisticated, pre-university level. This lesson introduces electric fields: how they are defined using Coulomb's Law, how to draw vector field diagrams around point charges and parallel plates, and the relationship between electric field strength (E) and electric potential (V) — essential concepts for electrostatics in SPH4U.
- Coulomb's Law
- Electric Field Strength
- Field Diagrams
- Electric Potential
Source: SPH4U Grade 12 Physics
Built for TDSB students · Ontario Curriculum (SBI4U / SCH4U / SPH4U) · Grade 12 Science
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